A general rule is the system can be operated at recoveries of 50% for single stage, 75% for two stage, and 80-85% for three stage systems. Click to view the complete answer
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A general rule is the system can be operated at recoveries of 50% for single stage, 75% for two stage, and 80-85% for three stage systems. % recovery is defined as the ratio of permeate flow to feed flow rate. Parameters such as operating temperature, source of feed, composition of feed, feed concentration, and pH can have an effect on the overall % system recovery and % recovery of individual element. In all cases though, % system recovery is often set to maximize permeate flow while preventing precipitation of super-saturated salts within the membrane system.
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